a) even option 2 seems pretty bad given the stakes. I might cut many people slack for communicating poorly by accident, but when someone is raising huge amounts of money, building technology that is likely to be very dangerous by default, accidentally misleading a key stakeholder is not something you can just shrug off.
ВСУ запустили «Фламинго» вглубь России. В Москве заявили, что это британские ракеты с украинскими шильдиками16:45
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The core concept of the mentioned application architectures is to make the business logic independent from communication with the outside world (disk, network, UI, etc). It’s achieved by applying the Dependency Inversion Principle (DIP) at the architectural level. Exactly the same concept is used in MIM (Module Infrastructure-Module Application Architecture). Thanks to that, all these architectures solved the problem of low testability, which was intrinsic to the classical Three-tier Architecture.