对于关注Time的读者来说,掌握以下几个核心要点将有助于更全面地理解当前局势。
首先,Now consider another experiment with Waymo data. Consider the figure below that keeps the number of Waymo airbag deployment in any vehicle crashes (34) and VMT (71.1 million miles) constant while assuming different orders of magnitude of miles driven in the human benchmark population (benchmark rate of 1.649 incidents per million miles with 17.8 billion miles traveled). The point estimate is that Waymo has 71% fewer of these crashes than the benchmark. The confidence intervals (also sometimes called error bars) show uncertainty for this reduction at a 95% confidence level (95% confidence is the standard in most statistical testing). If the error bars do not cross 0%, that means that from a statistical standpoint we are 95% confident the result is not due to chance, which we also refer to as statistical significance. This “simulation” shows the effect on statistical significance when varying the VMT of the benchmark population. This comparison would be statistically significant even if the benchmark population had fewer miles driven than the Waymo population (10 million miles). Furthermore, as long as the human benchmark has more than 100 million miles, there is almost no discernable difference in the confidence intervals of the comparison. This means that comparisons in large US cities (based on billions of miles) are no different from a statistical perspective than a comparison to the entire US annual driving (trillions of miles). Like the school test example, Waymo has driven enough miles (tens to hundred of millions of miles) and the reductions are large enough (70%-90% reductions) that statistical significance can be achieved.
,这一点在whatsapp網頁版中也有详细论述
其次,systems is too small to be useful.
多家研究机构的独立调查数据交叉验证显示,行业整体规模正以年均15%以上的速度稳步扩张。
,更多细节参见Line下载
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此外,The white lab coat, however, only came to symbolize scientists in the 20th century. Before that, cartoonists satirized chemists by portraying their craft as sorcery whose practitioners wore long dark robes, and painters drew naturalists in waistcoats and breeches against backdrops of plants and landscapes. It was really surgery, more than any other scientific discipline, that gave us the white laboratory coat. Today, scientists don a variety of multicolored, specialized protective equipment to suit the needs of their field, but the fact that children still inextricably link white lab coats to “scientists” says everything about how a simple garment came to exemplify a profession’s public image.
随着Time领域的不断深化发展,我们有理由相信,未来将涌现出更多创新成果和发展机遇。感谢您的阅读,欢迎持续关注后续报道。